LESSONS

Fiction

The Prohuman Grade 2 curriculum is aligned to two sets of standards: Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Character and Social Emotional Development (CSED) National Guidelines. The full collection of units introduces all nine of the prohuman character strengths: optimism, grit, gratitude, curiosity, courage, compassion, fairness, understanding, and humanity. Unit 6 Lesson 1, “Learning Compassion from Literature,” reinforces the vocabulary word compassion. Students will learn an example of compassion from a contemporary work of children’s literature. Additionally, students will write their own sentences about compassion. Finally, students will practice their reading and conversation skills by sharing their sentences with classmates. SUGGESTED TIME: 20 minutes RELATED SUBJECT: English Language Arts LEARNING OUTCOMES: Listen to a read aloud to reinforce understanding of English sentence structure, syntax, and grammar Compose sentences about the text and about compassion Demonstrate understanding of standard English sentence structure and grammar in writing and speaking Practice reading and conversation skills by sharing sentences with classmates REQUIRED MATERIALS: Book: Hey, Little Ant by Phillip and Hannah Hoose and/or Video: Read aloud of Hey, Little Ant by Mrs. Britton’s Book Nook (~4 min) Prohuman Grade 2 Unit 6 Worksheet 1: Learning Compassion from Literature VOCABULARY: Compassion: I see when others are hurt or need help, and I try to help them. ELA COMMON CORE STANDARDS MET CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.1 Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.3 Describe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.5 Describe the overall structure of a story, including describing how the beginning introduces the story and the ending concludes the action. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.7 Use information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding of its characters, setting, or plot. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.10 By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories and poetry, in the grades 2-3 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.A Distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.C Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.D Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.E Identify words with inconsistent but common spelling-sound correspondences. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.F Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4 Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.4.A Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.2.8 Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.B Build on others' talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.2 Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.6 Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation in order to provide requested detail or clarification. CHARACTER AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL (CSED) NATIONAL STANDARDS MET Moral Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Moral Character A5 Understand why caring and being concerned for the well-being of others is a character strength Moral Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Moral Character B3 Share an example of when you practiced caring as a character strength Civic Character A2 Explain why it is important for everyone to be respectful, courteous and polite Civic Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B1 Demonstrate the ability to share, take turns and follow rules (of a game, at home or school) Civic Character B2 Demonstrate the ability to be respectful, courteous and polite Self-Awareness A1 Identify and name different emotions (e.g., positive emotions, negative emotions, intense emotions Self-Awareness A2 Identify personal strengths (e.g., honesty, curiosity, listening) Social-Awareness A Demonstrate the ability to empathize and take the perspective of others, including demonstrating awareness of cultural differences and respect for human dignity Social-Awareness A1 Demonstrate the ability to understand what another person is feeling (e.g., happy, sad, disappointed, confused, angry) Social-Awareness A2 Demonstrate the ability to care about how others are feeling Social-Awareness A3 Demonstrate the ability to listen carefully and intentionally to others Social-Awareness A6 Be able to tell stories and listen to stories told by others Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 1 Initiate and engage in conversation and social interactions with classmates, peers, and adults Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 7 Play games and appropriately participate in small group classroom activities Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making 1 Describe a rule or principle that everyone should strive to live by (e.g., be kind, be honest, try your best) LESSON PROCEDURE Today we will learn about compassion. Write the word compassion on the board. Ask students what compassion means. Give students the definition of compassion: I see when others are hurt or need help, and I try to help them. Without giving any information, show students this image from Utah State University, and ask what they see. Ask the students if they have ever squished an ant. Optional activity: If your local climate makes it possible at this time of year, take students outside to find some ants. Tell students that we will be reading a book about the ants’ point of view. Read the book: Hey, Little Ant by Phillip and Hannah Hoose or Play the video: Read aloud of Hey, Little Ant by Mrs. Britton’s Book Nook (~4 min) Ask students who the book was about, what happened, where it happened, when it happened, and why it happened. Ask students to describe how the characters in the story responded to challenges. Ask students to describe the overall structure of the story, including how the beginning introduces the story and the ending concludes the action. Ask students to answer the questions on their worksheet. Ask students to read their sentences to a partner. Activity: Tell students that we will be keeping a class compassion board, and each time students help others, or see someone in our class helping others, they should tell the teacher and we write it on the board. If we get to 20 acts of compassion by the end of the month, we will have a class pizza party. EXTENSION ACTIVITIES - SUGGESTIONS Talk with your students about times you have seen people demonstrating compassion. You could give examples of family, friends, and/or historical or current public figures. Talk with your students about times in your life when you have demonstrated compassion, despite hardships. GRADE 2 UNIT 6 WORKSHEET 1: LEARNING COMPASSION FROM LITERATURE Compassion: I see when others are hurt or need help, and I try to help them. ACTIVITY: What did you notice about how the book was written? What are 2 things the kid doesn’t understand about the ant? What do you think the kid should do if he is showing compassion to the ant? How have you shown compassion in the past? How would you like to show compassion in the future?

Nonfiction

The Prohuman Grade 2 curriculum is aligned to two sets of standards: Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Character and Social Emotional Development (CSED) National Guidelines. The full collection of units introduces all nine of the prohuman character strengths: optimism, grit, gratitude, curiosity, courage, compassion, fairness, understanding, and humanity. Unit 6, Lesson 2, “Learning Compassion from a Nonfiction Text,” reinforces the vocabulary word compassion. Students will learn an example of compassion from a nonfiction text. Additionally, students will practice their reading comprehension skills by reading independently and hearing a reading from the teacher. Finally, students will create their own sentences that demonstrate their reading comprehension. SUGGESTED TIME: 20 minutes RELATED SUBJECT: English Language Arts LEARNING OUTCOMES: Practice reading aloud to a partner to support reading comprehension Compose sentences that demonstrate comprehension of the word compassion Demonstrate understanding of standard English sentence structure and grammar Practice reading and conversation skills by sharing sentences with classmates REQUIRED MATERIALS: Video: Who We Are: Gotta Have Sole Foundation by Gotta Have Sole Foundation, Inc. (~2 min) Prohuman Grade 2 Unit 6 Worksheet 2: Learning Compassion from a Nonfiction Text VOCABULARY: Compassion: I see when others are hurt or need help, and I try to help them. ELA COMMON CORE STANDARDS MET CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.2.1 Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.2.2 Identify the main topic of a multiparagraph text as well as the focus of specific paragraphs within the text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.2.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases in a text relevant to a grade 2 topic or subject area. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.2.6 Identify the main purpose of a text, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4.B Read grade-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.A Distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.C Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.D Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.E Identify words with inconsistent but common spelling-sound correspondences. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.F Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4 Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4.A Read grade-level text with purpose and understanding. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4.B Read grade-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4.C Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.B Build on others' talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.2 Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.4.A Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. CHARACTER AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL (CSED) NATIONAL STANDARDS MET Moral Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Moral Character A5 Understand why caring and being concerned for the well-being of others is a character strength Moral Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Moral Character B3 Share an example of when you practiced caring as a character strength Civic Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B2 Demonstrate the ability to be respectful, courteous and polite Self-Awareness A2 Identify personal strengths (e.g., honesty, curiosity, listening) Social-Awareness A Demonstrate the ability to empathize and take the perspective of others, including demonstrating awareness of cultural differences and respect for human dignity Social-Awareness A1 Demonstrate the ability to understand what another person is feeling (e.g., happy, sad, disappointed, confused, angry) Social-Awareness A2 Demonstrate the ability to care about how others are feeling Social-Awareness A3 Demonstrate the ability to listen carefully and intentionally to others Social-Awareness A6 Be able to tell stories and listen to stories told by others Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 1 Initiate and engage in conversation and social interactions with classmates, peers, and adults Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 7 Play games and appropriately participate in small group classroom activities Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making 1 Describe a rule or principle that everyone should strive to live by (e.g., be kind, be honest, try your best) LESSON PROCEDURE Today we will continue to learn about compassion. Ask the students how many of them have shoes. Activity: Have the students take off their shoes and line them up at the front of the room. Tell students that sometimes people talk about the meaning of compassion meaning that we pretend we are walking around in someone else’s shoes. Have each student give their shoes to another student, and have the students walk around the classroom thinking about what it is like to be that person. Ask students what they thought and wondered while wearing someone else’s shoes. Have students return all the shoes to the front of the room and line them up again. Ask the students how they would feel if they didn’t have any shoes. Ask the students if they know that some kids’ families don’t have enough money to buy shoes. Play the video: Who We Are: Gotta Have Sole Foundation by Gotta Have Sole Foundation, Inc. (~2 min) Have students read the nonfiction text on their worksheets independently, quietly to themselves. Circle the room to support the students. After giving the students 10 minutes to practice reading, then read the text aloud to the whole class. Have students write the answers to the worksheet questions. Have students take turns sharing their sentences with a partner and reading aloud. Tell students that if their families want to make a donation to help kids get shoes, they can go to the website on their worksheets. GRADE 2 UNIT 6 WORKSHEET 2: LEARNING COMPASSION FROM A NONFICTION TEXT Compassion: I see when others are hurt or need help, and I try to help them. NONFICTION TEXT: NICK’S COMPASSION Nick Lowinger started Gotta Have Sole® because, at a very young age, he saw children in homeless shelters in Rhode Island who didn’t have shoes or had shoes that were falling apart. Some had to share footwear with a family member and missed school because it wasn’t their turn to wear the shoes that day. Others had sores on their feet from wearing shoes that didn’t fit them properly. This made him very sad, and he wanted to help the children. He started giving away his gently used clothing and footwear, but he often didn’t have the right sizes for the children. He knew that the only shoes that would fit them best would be new ones. He started Gotta Have Sole® so he could give new shoes to homeless children. Gotta Have Sole® has given away new footwear to over 100,000 children in homeless shelters across every state in the U.S. Nick’s goal is to reach as many children living in homeless shelters as he can. It has always been his hope that the children will feel better about themselves because they have new shoes to call their own and they will have better lives. Source: https://www.gottahavesole.org/about ACTIVITY: Write 1 sentence that explains how Nick showed compassion: How do you think Nick’s compassion made a difference for other kids? How can you show compassion?

Social Studies

The Prohuman Grade 2 curriculum is aligned to two sets of standards: Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Character and Social Emotional Development (CSED) National Guidelines. The full collection of units introduces all nine of the prohuman character strengths: optimism, grit, gratitude, curiosity, courage, compassion, fairness, understanding, and humanity. Unit 6, Lesson 3, “Writing an Opinion Piece About Compassion,” reinforces the vocabulary word compassion. Students will write an opinion piece in which they introduce the topic they are writing about, state an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section. SUGGESTED TIME: 20 minutes RELATED SUBJECT: English Language Arts LEARNING OUTCOMES: Demonstrate comprehension of the word compassion. Write an opinion piece that introduces the topic they are writing about, states an opinion, supplies reasons that support the opinion, uses linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provides a concluding statement or section Demonstrate understanding of standard English sentence structure and grammar REQUIRED MATERIALS: Prohuman Grade 2 Unit 6 Worksheet 3: Writing an Opinion Piece About Compassion VOCABULARY: Compassion: I see when others are hurt or need help, and I try to help them. ELA COMMON CORE STANDARDS MET CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.2.1 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about, state an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.2 Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.6 Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation in order to provide requested detail or clarification. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. CHARACTER AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL (CSED) NATIONAL STANDARDS MET Moral Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Moral Character A5 Understand why caring and being concerned for the well-being of others is a character strength Moral Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Civic Character A2 Explain why it is important for everyone to be respectful, courteous and polite Social-Awareness A2 Demonstrate the ability to care about how others are feeling Social-Awareness A3 Demonstrate the ability to listen carefully and intentionally to others Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making 1 Describe a rule or principle that everyone should strive to live by (e.g., be kind, be honest, try your best) LESSON PROCEDURE Today we will write an opinion piece about what you think is the best way you can show compassion in your own life and why. An opinion piece does five things. First, it introduces the topic you are writing about. Second, it states your opinion. Third, it supplies reasons that support your opinion Fourth, it uses linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons Finally, it provides a concluding statement or section Here is an example of an opinion piece about a different topic. Write on the board: Topic: Compassion is when a person sees that others are hurt or need help and helps them. Opinion: The best way I can show compassion is to take care of my dog. Reason 1: My dog needs my help getting food. Reason 2: My dog needs my help in taking a bath. Conclusion: In my opinion, the best way I can show compassion is by helping to feed my dog and give him a bath. This is how I show that I care about my dog. Now each student will write their own opinion piece on their worksheet. NOTE: Collect and keep the worksheet on the following page for the next day’s lesson in which students will share their opinion pieces with a partner. GRADE 2 UNIT 6 WORKSHEET 3: WRITING AN OPINION PIECE ABOUT COMPASSION Compassion: I see when others are hurt or need help, and I try to help them. ACTIVITY: Write an opinion piece about what you think is the most important way you can show compassion in your own life and why. Using complete sentences, you will identify your topic, state your opinion, write two reasons, and provide a closing statement. Topic: Opinion: Reason 1: Reason 2:

The Prohuman Grade 2 curriculum is aligned to two sets of standards: Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Character and Social Emotional Development (CSED) National Guidelines. The full collection of units introduces all nine of the prohuman character strengths: optimism, grit, gratitude, curiosity, courage, compassion, fairness, understanding, and humanity. Unit 6, Lesson 4, “Sharing Opinion Pieces About Compassion,” reinforces the vocabulary word compassion. Students will practice their reading skills by reading their opinion pieces to a partner and their listening skills by listening to their partner’s opinion pieces. Then, students will write two sentences about compassion. Finally, students will participate in a class discussion focusing on how they have shown compassion. SUGGESTED TIME: 20 minutes RELATED SUBJECT: English Language Arts LEARNING OUTCOMES: Read aloud to a partner to support the development of English pronunciation, syntax, and grammar skills Listen to a partners’ reading to develop active listening skills Participate in a class discussion to develop active listening and conversation skills Write complete sentences to practice correct English syntax and grammar REQUIRED MATERIALS: Prohuman Grade 2 Unit 6 Worksheet 4: Sharing Opinion Pieces About Compassion VOCABULARY: Compassion: I see when others are hurt or need help, and I try to help them. ELA COMMON CORE STANDARDS MET CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4 Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. ✔ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups. ✔ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). ✔ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.B Build on others' talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others. ✔ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.2 Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. ✔ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.3 Ask and answer questions about what a speaker says in order to clarify comprehension, gather additional information, or deepen understanding of a topic or issue. ✔ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.6 Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation in order to provide requested detail or clarification. ✔ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. ✔ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. ✔ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. ✔ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.2.8 Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question. ✔ CHARACTER AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL (CSED) NATIONAL STANDARDS MET Moral Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative ✔ Moral Character A5 Understand why caring and being concerned for the well-being of others is a character strength ✔ Moral Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative ✔ Social-Awareness A2 Demonstrate the ability to care about how others are feeling ✔ Social-Awareness A3 Demonstrate the ability to listen carefully and intentionally to others ✔ Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 1 Initiate and engage in conversation and social interactions with classmates, peers, and adults ✔ Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 7 Play games and appropriately participate in small group classroom activities ✔ Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making 1 Describe a rule or principle that everyone should strive to live by (e.g., be kind, be honest, try your best) ✔ LESSON PROCEDURE Today we will read our opinion pieces about compassion (from the previous lesson’s worksheet) with a partner. Circle the room to support the students as they take turns reading their opinion pieces (written in Lesson 3) with their partner. (10 min) Now we will write three sentences on our worksheet explaining what three other students thought was the most important way they could show compassion. Ask students who would like to raise their hands and share what they think is the most important way they can show compassion. GRADE 2 UNIT 6 WORKSHEET 4: SHARING OPINION PIECES ABOUT COMPASSION Compassion: I see when others are hurt or need help, and I try to help them. ACTIVITY: Write three sentences that explain what three other students think is the most important way they can show compassion. 1. 2. 3.