LESSONS

The Prohuman Grade 2 curriculum is aligned to two sets of standards: Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Character and Social Emotional Development (CSED) National Guidelines. The full collection of units introduces all nine of the prohuman character strengths: optimism, grit, gratitude, curiosity, courage, compassion, fairness, understanding, and humanity. Unit 5, Lesson 1, “Learning Courage from Literature,” reinforces the vocabulary word courage. Students will learn examples of courage from a contemporary work of children’s literature. Additionally, students will write their own sentences about courage. Finally, students will practice their reading and conversation skills by sharing their sentences with classmates. SUGGESTED TIME: 25 minutes RELATED SUBJECT: English Language Arts LEARNING OUTCOMES: Listen to a read aloud to reinforce understanding of English sentence structure, syntax, and grammar Practice reading aloud to a partner to support reading comprehension Compose sentences about the text and about courage Demonstrate understanding of standard English sentence structure and grammar in writing and speaking Practice reading and conversation skills by sharing sentences with classmates REQUIRED MATERIALS: Book: Standing on Her Shoulders: A Celebration of Women by Monica Clark-Robinson and/or Video: Read aloud of Standing on Her Shoulders by Miss Alivia Reads (~4 min) Video: Brief descriptions of the women featured in Standing on Her Shoulders by I Can Read (~9 min) Prohuman Grade 2 Unit 5 Worksheet 1: Learning Courage from Literature VOCABULARY: Courage: I do what I think is right even when I am afraid. ELA COMMON CORE STANDARDS MET CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.1 Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.3 Describe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.7 Use information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding of its characters, setting, or plot. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.10 By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories and poetry, in the grades 2-3 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.A Distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.D Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.E Identify words with inconsistent but common spelling-sound correspondences. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.F Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4 Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.B Build on others' talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.4.A Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.2.8 Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question. CHARACTER AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL (CSED) NATIONAL STANDARDS MET Moral Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Moral Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Civic Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B1 Demonstrate the ability to share, take turns and follow rules (of a game, at home or school) Civic Character B2 Demonstrate the ability to be respectful, courteous and polite Self-Awareness A2 Identify personal strengths (e.g., honesty, curiosity, listening) Social-Awareness A3 Demonstrate the ability to listen carefully and intentionally to others Social-Awareness A6 Be able to tell stories and listen to stories told by others Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 1 Initiate and engage in conversation and social interactions with classmates, peers, and adults Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 7 Play games and appropriately participate in small group classroom activities Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making 1 Describe a rule or principle that everyone should strive to live by (e.g., be kind, be honest, try your best) LESSON PROCEDURE Today we will learn about courage. Ask students what courage means. Give the definition of courage: I do what I think is right even when I am afraid. Show the students this image from the Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Ask the students how the person in this image is showing courage. Have students answer the first question on their worksheets—what is one way they can show courage? Today we will read a book about women who showed courage. Read the book: Standing on Her Shoulders: A Celebration of Women by Monica Clark-Robinson and/or Play the video: Read aloud of Standing on Her Shoulders by Miss Alivia Reads (~4 min) Play the video: Brief descriptions of the women featured in Standing on Her Shoulders by I Can Read (~9 min) Ask students to answer the questions on their worksheet Ask students to read their sentences to a partner. EXTENSION ACTIVITIES - SUGGESTIONS Talk with your students about times you have seen people demonstrating courage. You could give examples of family, friends, and/or historical or current public figures. Talk with your students about times you have demonstrated courage, despite hardships. GRADE 2 UNIT 5 WORKSHEET 1: LEARNING COURAGE FROM LITERATURE Courage: I do what I think is right even when I am afraid. What is one way you can show courage? Which of the women featured in the book interested you the most? Athletes: Serena Williams, Megan Rapinoe, Simone Biles, Chloe Kim Artists: Mary Cassatt, Frida Kahlo, Georgia O’Keefe, Faith Ringgold Politicians: Hillary Rodham Clinton, Deb Haaland, Shirley Chisholm Activists: Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, Mary Church Terrell, Jane Addams, Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth Educator: Septima Poinsette Clark Authors: Louisa May Alcott, Maya Angelou, Zora Neale Hurston Explorers: Sacajawea, Bessie Coleman, Nellie Bly Scientists: Ynes Mexia, Harriet Chalmers Adams Why does this woman interest you? How did this woman show courage?

Social Studies

Nonfiction

The Prohuman Grade 2 curriculum is aligned to two sets of standards: Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Character and Social Emotional Development (CSED) National Guidelines. The full collection of units introduces all nine of the prohuman character strengths: optimism, grit, gratitude, curiosity, courage, compassion, fairness, understanding, and humanity. Unit 5, Lesson 2, “Learning Courage from a Nonfiction Text,” reinforces the vocabulary word courage. Students will learn an example of courage from a nonfiction text. Students will also have the opportunity to practice their reading comprehension skills by reading independently and hearing a reading from the teacher. Finally, students will create their own sentences that demonstrate their reading comprehension. SUGGESTED TIME: 20 minutes RELATED SUBJECT: English Language Arts LEARNING OUTCOMES: Practice reading aloud to a partner to support reading comprehension Compose sentences that demonstrate comprehension of the word courage Demonstrate understanding of standard English sentence structure and grammar Practice reading and conversation skills by sharing sentences with classmates REQUIRED MATERIALS: Book: I Am Ruby Bridges by Ruby Bridges and/or Video: Read aloud of I Am Ruby Bridges by Miss Alivia Reads (~7 min) Prohuman Grade 2 Unit 5 Worksheet 2: Learning Courage from a Nonfiction Text VOCABULARY: Courage: I do what I think is right even when I am afraid. ELA COMMON CORE STANDARDS MET CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.2.1 Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.2.2 Identify the main topic of a multiparagraph text as well as the focus of specific paragraphs within the text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.2.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases in a text relevant to a grade 2 topic or subject area. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.2.6 Identify the main purpose of a text, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4.B Read grade-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.A Distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.C Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.D Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.E Identify words with inconsistent but common spelling-sound correspondences. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.3.F Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4 Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4.A Read grade-level text with purpose and understanding. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4.B Read grade-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4.C Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.B Build on others' talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.2 Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.4.A Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. CHARACTER AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL (CSED) NATIONAL STANDARDS MET Moral Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Moral Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Civic Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B1 Demonstrate the ability to share, take turns and follow rules (of a game, at home or school) Civic Character B2 Demonstrate the ability to be respectful, courteous and polite Self-Awareness A2 Identify personal strengths (e.g., honesty, curiosity, listening) Social-Awareness A3 Demonstrate the ability to listen carefully and intentionally to others Social-Awareness A6 Be able to tell stories and listen to stories told by others Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 1 Initiate and engage in conversation and social interactions with classmates, peers, and adults Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 7 Play games and appropriately participate in small group classroom activities Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making 1 Describe a rule or principle that everyone should strive to live by (e.g., be kind, be honest, try your best) LESSON PROCEDURE Today we will continue to learn about courage. Without providing any information, show students the image in this NY Post article about Ruby Bridges. Ask the students what they see in this photograph. Ask the students what they wonder about in this photograph. Explain that this is a photo of Ruby Bridges. Today we will be learning her story in her own words. Read the book I Am Ruby Bridges by Ruby Bridges and/or Play the video: Read aloud of I Am Ruby Bridges by Miss Alivia Reads (~7 min) Ask students how Ruby showed courage. Have students answer the questions on the worksheet. Have students take turns sharing their sentences with a partner and reading aloud. GRADE 2 UNIT 5 WORKSHEET 2: LEARNING COURAGE FROM A NONFICTION TEXT Courage: I do what I think is right even when I am afraid. ACTIVITY: Write 1 sentence that explains how Ruby showed courage: How do you think Ruby’s courage made a difference for other kids? What is one way that you can show courage?

Social Studies

The Prohuman Grade 2 curriculum is aligned to two sets of standards: Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Character and Social Emotional Development (CSED) National Guidelines. The full collection of units introduces all nine of the prohuman character strengths: optimism, grit, gratitude, curiosity, courage, compassion, fairness, understanding, and humanity. Unit 5, Lesson 3, “Writing an Informative Text About Courage,” reinforces the vocabulary word courage. Students will have the opportunity to practice writing an informative text in which they introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section. SUGGESTED TIME: 20 minutes RELATED SUBJECT: English Language Arts LEARNING OUTCOMES: Demonstrate comprehension of the word courage. Write an informative text about courage that introduces the topic, uses facts and definitions to develop points, and provides a concluding statement or section Demonstrate understanding of standard English sentence structure and grammar REQUIRED MATERIALS: Prohuman Grade 2 Unit 5 Worksheet 3: Writing an Informative Text About Courage VOCABULARY: Courage: I do what I think is right even when I am afraid. ELA COMMON CORE STANDARDS MET CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.2.2 Write informative/explanatory texts in which they introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.2 Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. CHARACTER AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL (CSED) NATIONAL STANDARDS MET Moral Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Moral Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Civic Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B2 Demonstrate the ability to be respectful, courteous and polite Self-Awareness A2 Identify personal strengths (e.g., honesty, curiosity, listening) Social-Awareness A3 Demonstrate the ability to listen carefully and intentionally to others Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 1 Initiate and engage in conversation and social interactions with classmates, peers, and adults Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 7 Play games and appropriately participate in small group classroom activities Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making 1 Describe a rule or principle that everyone should strive to live by (e.g., be kind, be honest, try your best) LESSON PROCEDURE Today we will write an informative text about how Ruby Bridges showed courage. An informative text introduces a topic, uses facts and definitions to develop points, and provides a concluding statement or section. Write on the board: Writing an Informative Text about Courage Let’s work together by filling out our worksheet. Topic: Courage is when people do what they think is right even when they are afraid. Fact 1: 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in the case, Brown v. Board of Education, that separate public schools for white children, which black children were not able to attend, was unconstitutional, meaning not allowed. Fact 2: Many people did not want schools to be integrated and, though it was a federal ruling, state governments were not doing their part in enforcing the new laws. Now each student will finish this informative text, on their worksheet, by writing two facts about how the role Ruby Bridges played in this situation, and a conclusion about how Ruby showed courage. NOTE: Collect and keep the worksheet on the following page for the next day’s lesson in which students will share their informative texts with a partner. GRADE 2 UNIT 5 WORKSHEET 3: WRITING AN INFORMATIVE TEXT ABOUT COURAGE Courage: I do what I think is right even when I am afraid. ACTIVITY: Write an informative text about how Ruby Bridges showed courage. Topic: Fact 1: Fact 2: Fact 3: Fact 4: Conclusion:

The Prohuman Grade 2 curriculum is aligned to two sets of standards: Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Character and Social Emotional Development (CSED) National Guidelines. The full collection of units introduces all nine of the prohuman character strengths: optimism, grit, gratitude, curiosity, courage, compassion, fairness, understanding, and humanity. Unit 5, Lesson 4, “Sharing Informative Texts About Courage,” reinforces the vocabulary word courage. Students will practice their reading skills by reading their informative texts to a partner and their listening skills by listening to their partner’s informative texts. Then, students will write two sentences that name two ways they have shown courage. Finally, students will participate in a class discussion focusing on how they have shown courage. SUGGESTED TIME: 20 minutes RELATED SUBJECT: English Language Arts LEARNING OUTCOMES: Read aloud to a partner to support development of English pronunciation, syntax, and grammar Listen to a partners’ reading to develop active listening skills Participate in a class discussion to develop active listening and conversation skills Write complete sentences to practice correct English syntax and grammar REQUIRED MATERIALS: Prohuman Grade 2 Unit 5 Worksheet 4: Sharing Informative Texts About Courage VOCABULARY: Courage: I do what I think is right even when I am afraid. ELA COMMON CORE STANDARDS MET CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.2.4 Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.A Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.1.B Build on others' talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.2 Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.3 Ask and answer questions about what a speaker says in order to clarify comprehension, gather additional information, or deepen understanding of a topic or issue. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.2.6 Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation in order to provide requested detail or clarification. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.2.8 Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question. CHARACTER AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL (CSED) NATIONAL STANDARDS MET Moral Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Moral Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of honesty and integrity, caring and compassion, gratitude, and the courage to take initiative Civic Character A Know, understand, and practice the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B Apply and demonstrate the character strengths of fairness, respect, volunteering and contributing to the common good Civic Character B1 Demonstrate the ability to share, take turns and follow rules (of a game, at home or school) Civic Character B2 Demonstrate the ability to be respectful, courteous and polite Self-Awareness A2 Identify personal strengths (e.g., honesty, curiosity, listening) Social-Awareness A3 Demonstrate the ability to listen carefully and intentionally to others Social-Awareness A6 Be able to tell stories and listen to stories told by others Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 1 Initiate and engage in conversation and social interactions with classmates, peers, and adults Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills 7 Play games and appropriately participate in small group classroom activities Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making 1 Describe a rule or principle that everyone should strive to live by (e.g., be kind, be honest, try your best) LESSON PROCEDURE Today, we will read our informative texts about courage (from the previous lesson’s worksheet) with a partner. Circle the room to support the students as they take turns reading their informative texts (written in Lesson 3) with their partner. (10 min) Now we will write two sentences about how we have shown courage. Ask students who would like to raise their hands and share how they have shown courage. GRADE 2 UNIT 5 WORKSHEET 4: SHARING INFORMATIVE TEXTS ABOUT COURAGE Courage: I do what I think is right even when I am afraid. ACTIVITY: Write two sentences about two times you have shown courage: 1.) 2.)