Lesson
2
:

Learning Courage from a Nonfiction Text

Grade

Grade 6

UNIT

5

Courage

Last Updated:

June 10, 2025

In Unit 5, Lesson 2, “Learning Courage from a Nonfiction Text,” students will learn examples of courage from the life of Vladka Meed, a member of the Jewish resistance in Poland during WWII. Students will practice their reading comprehension skills by reading a nonfiction text. Additionally, students will answer questions to develop their critical thinking skills and advance their academic dialogue skills through class discussion.

SUGGESTED TIME:

  • The book for this lesson, The Girl Who Fought Back: Vladka Meed and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising by Joshua M. Greene, has an introduction, a preface, and 22 chapters for a total of 134 pages. The recommended reading assignment is two chapters per session of either in-class independent reading or homework assignments—12 sessions total to complete the book.
  • Students should complete the worksheet questions as they read the book
  • Allow 50 minutes of class time to discuss the worksheet questions.

RELATED SUBJECT:

English Language Arts

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

  • Read a nonfiction text and demonstrate understanding of the central ideas 
  • Determine the author’s purpose in the text 
  • Compose answers to questions that demonstrate comprehension of the word courage 
  • Demonstrate understanding of standard English sentence structure and grammar  
  • Practice reading and conversation skills by sharing sentences with classmates

REQUIRED MATERIALS:

ELA COMMON CORE STANDARDS MET

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.6.1

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.6.2

Determine a central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.6.3

Analyze in detail how a key individual, event, or idea is introduced, illustrated, and elaborated in a text (e.g., through examples or anecdotes).

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.6.4

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.6.5

Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.6.6

Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed in the text.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.6.7

Integrate information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.6.10

By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 6-8 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.4

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.6.9

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.6.1

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 6 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.6.1.A

Come to discussions prepared, having read or studied required material; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence on the topic, text, or issue to probe and reflect on ideas under discussion

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.6.1.C

Pose and respond to specific questions with elaboration and detail by making comments that contribute to the topic, text, or issue under discussion.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.6.1.D

Review the key ideas expressed and demonstrate understanding of multiple perspectives through reflection and paraphrasing.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.6.1

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

CHARACTER AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL (CSED) NATIONAL STANDARDS MET

Moral Character A2

Understand and explain why it’s important to do the right thing, even when no one is looking

Moral Character A4

Understand and explain why the expression “to get along, go along” may prevent some people from being an “active bystander”

Moral Character A5

Understand and explain why caring (and helping others) should never be motivated by the likelihood of being recognized or rewarded for your help or support

Moral Character A6

List and explain the reasons why people sometimes do not care or help others

Performance Character A6

Describe a role model who demonstrates a positive attitude, effort, and grit

Performance Character A6

Describe a role model who demonstrates a positive attitude, effort, and grit

Civic Character A2

Explain why friends have a responsibility to speak up or take action to prevent or stop others from engaging in disrespectful, dangerous, harmful, or illegal conduct

Civic Character A4

Explain why protest and civil disobedience are essential to the democratic process

Civic Character B2

Describe how a role model challenged an unjust law

Social-Awareness A1

Experience and demonstrate empathy

Social-Awareness A3

Demonstrate respect for other people’s opinions and perspectives

Social-Awareness A4

Analyze the impact of stereotyping, discrimination, and prejudice (at school, in the community and beyond)

Social-Awareness A5

Practice “perspective taking” as a strategy to strengthen your acceptance of others

Social-Awareness A6

Demonstrate awareness and understanding that despite differences, all people have similar needs, feelings and wants

Interpersonal/ Relationship Skills A5

Understand and practice positive collaboration and cooperation skills (e.g., teamwork)

Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making A3

Write about and share a principle you want to live by that you learned from a family member, book, movie, or personal experience

LESSON PROCEDURE

Step 1: 

  • Explain that we will be reading a book of nonfiction about a real person, Vladka Meed, who showed courage in the Warsaw Ghetto during WWII.
  • Explain that in the fall of 1940, German authorities established a ghetto in Warsaw, Poland’s largest city with the largest Jewish population. Almost 30 percent of Warsaw’s population was packed into 2.4 percent of the city's area. 
  • Extreme overcrowding, minimal rations, and unsanitary conditions led to disease, starvation, and the death of thousands of Jews each month.
  • Various types of resistance took place in the Warsaw ghetto, ranging from documenting Nazi crimes against the Jews to armed resistance, culminating in the Warsaw ghetto uprising. (Source: Entry for “Warsaw.” Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) 

Step 2:

Step 3: 

  • Have students complete the book, either through multiple in-class silent reading sessions or as homework.
  • Have students complete the short-answer questions on the worksheet as they read the book. 

Step 4: 

  • Allow at least 50 minutes for in-class discussion of the short-answer questions on the worksheet.

GRADE 6 UNIT 5 WORKSHEET 2: LEARNING COURAGE FROM A NONFICTION TEXT

Vocabulary

  • Active bystander: I take responsible action to help people in need instead of remaining passive and becoming complicit.
  • Courage: I do what I think is right even when I am afraid.

Questions to answer while reading by Joshua M. Greene:

  1. What types of sources did the author use to write this book? 

  1. What was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and about how many people participated? 

  1. What was the Resistance and what ages were most of the people who participated? 

  1. What were the injustices that the Nazis committed on the Jewish community? 

  1. About how many people were in the Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ŻOB)—the Jewish Fighting Organization—and what was its mission?

  1. What was Vladka’s assignment? How did she show courage? 

  1. When did the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begin and end? What was the result? 

  1. How and when did Poland become free of Nazi occupation?

  1. What are some things that Vladka did after the war when she lived in America?

  1. In Chapter 22, the author includes several quotes from Vladka including: “The biggest danger is indifference to what happens to people around you. It was the world’s indifference to what Hitler was doing that led to the murder of six million Jews and millions of other so-called ‘enemies’ of the Nazis … Despite the tragedy that happened then, we are all part of the same world today. We cannot live without other people. The world is filled with good people, and we should believe in their goodness. What I know now is that we also have to be alert to the evil.” How can you focus on both the good and be alert to evil?

  1. Write about and share a principle you learned from reading this book about courage that you want to live by.

Prohuman K-12 Curriculum © 2025 by Prohuman Foundation is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.
To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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